Fe(III) mineral formation and cell encrustation by the nitrate-dependent Fe(II)-oxidizer strain BoFeN1

Understanding the mechanisms of anaerobic microbial iron cycling is necessary for a full appreciation of presentday biogeochemical cycling of iron and carbon and for drawing conclusions about these cycles on the ancient Earth. Towards that end, we isolated and characterized an anaerobic nitrate-dependent Fe(II)-oxidizing bacterium from a freshwater sediment. The 16SrRNA gene sequence of the isolated bacterium (strain BoFeN1) places it within the β-Proteobacteria, with Acidovorax sp. strain G8B1 as the closest known relative. During mixotrophic growth with acetate plus Fe(II) and nitrate as electron acceptor, strain BoFeN1 forms Fe(III) mineral crusts around the cells. The amount of the organic cosubstrate acetate present seems to control the rate and extent of Fe(II) oxidation and the viability of the cells. The crystallinity of the mineral products is influenced by nucleation by Fe minerals that are already present in the inoculum. Received 25 July 2005; accepted 14 December 2005 Corresponding author: A. Kappler, Tel.: +49-7071-2974992; fax: +49-7071-295139; e-mail: [email protected].